维族民权在行动

原文地址：A civil rights movement for Uighurs
No peace or reconciliation is possible in Xinjiang while China rides roughshod over Uighurs' rights to shore up its authority
中国用对新疆维吾尔人权的铁腕来树立权威的手段不可能促成和平和调解…
In 1955, a 14-year-old African-American boy named Emmett Till, who had been sent to rural Mississippi to spend the summer with his uncle, was beaten and shot, and then his body was weighed down and dropped into the Tallahatchie River after he was alleged to have made a vulgar pass at Carolyn Bryant, a white woman. Till's body was badly disfigured, but his mother insisted that there be an open casket at his funeral, and up to 50,000 people viewed his body. It took just over an hour for the all-white jury to decide to acquit the two defendants accused of murdering Till – the husband of Carolyn Bryant and his step-brother.
那是1955年，14岁的非洲裔男孩 emmed till 被送到密西西比乡间他叔叔那里度假，而当他被指认非礼了一个叫做 Carolyn Bryant 的白人妇女之后，他被暴打了一段，然后被沉入塔拉哈奇河里。他的遗体几乎体无完肤，但是他的母亲却坚持在葬礼上用开棺。有超过50000人见证了那一幕。一个由全白人组成的陪审团却只花了一个钟头就确认了两个被指控谋杀了 till 的嫌疑人-Carolyn Bryant 的丈夫以及他的继兄，无罪释放。

The murder of Emmett Till and the subsequent lack of justice in his case helped spark the beginnings of the American civil rights movement. Just over three months after Till's death, Rosa Parks refused to sit in the back of the bus. Till's murder shocked the world, revealing the severity of the prejudice experienced by African-Americans, particularly in the southern part of the United States. Decades of demonstrations and protests followed, as African-Americans struggled for equal treatment and a greater share of America's freedoms. Riots also rocked major American cities, exposing deep wounds in America's racial landscape.
till谋杀事件和随之暴露的司法缺陷帮助美国民权运动的展开了璀璨的一幕。till被杀三个月之后， 就发生了rosa parks不愿在公车上坐后排的事件；till之死震撼了全球，它暴露了美利坚合众国，特别是南部的，非洲裔黑人，这一路来受到的严重伤害。随后几十年，美国黑人争取平等对待和对自由的更高追求的斗争从未停止；暴动震动了美国主要城市，暴露着美国的种族蓝图的破漏。

More than half a century later, and half a world away, rumours that Uighurs at a factory in Shaoguan, in south-eastern China, had raped two Chinese women led a mob of Han Chinese workers to raid the dormitories of Uighur workers and attack them with knives, metal pipes and other weapons. Riot police reportedly took their time in arriving at the scene of the attacks, in the early hours of 26 June. Chinese officials reported that two Uighurs had been killed in the attacks, but Uighurs who witnessed the murders and beatings told the international media that many more had been killed. Immediately following the incident, the Chinese government only indicated that it had punished the disgruntled Chinese man, a former worker at the factory, responsible for spreading the false allegations of sexual molestation. However, there was no official indication that any arrests would be made related to the killings and beatings that took place. (On 7 July, the official Chinese media reported that 13 arrests were made on 5 July that were related to the Shaoguan factory violence.)
半个世纪过去了，在世界的另一端，早些时候在6月26号，中国东南沿海的韶关，一个关于维族人强暴了两个汉族妇女的谣言指引着一群汉族工人暴徒突袭了维族工人的宿舍，用小刀，金属管和其他武器攻击他们。防暴警察公布有两个维族人在这次袭击中丧生，但是目击这次谋杀和袭击的维族人声称死亡的维族人远远不止这个数目。紧接下来，中国政府仅仅宣布对一名之前在这个工厂的工人传播了不实的性骚扰谣言并因此受责。然后并没有官方消息证实有与这次打杀事件有关联的人员被抓捕。（7月7日，方有中国的官方媒体报道有13名参与暴力事件的人员在7月5日被批捕）

On 5 July, Uighurs began taking to the streets in Urumchi, at first peacefully, to protest the killings at Shaoguan and the lack of government action to bring the perpetrators to justice. Many people have questioned how an event that took place so far away (Shaoguan, in Guangdong province, is more than 3,000km away from Urumchi), and why what they perceive as such a small-scale, isolated event sparked so much anger and frustration. I ask people to understand that Uighurs feel much as African-Americans must have felt at the death of Emmett Till and the acquittal of his murderers; and that, just as the murder of Emmett Till sparked resentment and sadness throughout the United States at many decades of deep repression, lynchings, and lack of opportunity, following the Shaoguan violence, Uighurs in East Turkestan and throughout China felt anger and despair rise up over decades of economic, social and religious discrimination, together with the widespread execution, torture and imprisonment of their people.
7月5日，维族人开始在乌鲁木齐的大街上游行抗议韶关的屠杀和政府对相关暴徒的不作为，起初还是和平示威。许多人会问，在如此遥远地方（韶关距离乌鲁木齐有3000公里）怎么会发生这么一件事，这么一起小规模的孤立事件为什么能引发这么大的愤怒和失落。我希望你们理解，其实跟美国非洲裔黑人在 till 被谋杀和谋杀犯被无罪释放时一样，维族人感到同样的沉重。这就像 till 之死引发了那些几十年来遍布美国的因为重压，私刑和机会缺失带来的怨恨和悲伤一样，东突和全中国的维人经过几十年的经济，社会和宗教歧视已经广泛的处决，酷刑和监禁，也感到愤懑和失望。

I in no way endorse any of the violent acts carried out by Uighurs in East Turkestan over the past week. I am absolutely opposed to all violence. However, I believe that, just as the Chinese government misrepresented the facts in the Shaoguan incident, it has, on a much larger scale, grossly misrepresented the truth of the recent protests and violence in East Turkestan. The Chinese government has aggressively promoted a sophisticated, one-sided image of the killings and beatings that have taken place, distributing CDs to international journalists featuring an almost exclusive picture of violence committed by Uighurs against the Han Chinese population. It is irrefutable that acts of violence, including murders, were committed by Uighurs against Han Chinese. However, numerous residents of East Turkestan have told the organisations I lead that they have witnessed the deaths of hundreds of Uighurs that have gone unreported in the official press. At this point, it is impossible to verify these eyewitness accounts, as communications have been virtually cut off between East Turkestan and the outside world. But I cannot ignore the many accounts I have received of unimaginable atrocities that have been covered up.
本人绝不赞同之前一周在东突发生的暴力事件，我一向反对所有暴力行径。然而，我相信中国政府如同在韶关事件的表现一样，严重歪曲了发生在东突的抗议暴力事件的真相。中国政府展示了打杀事件的单方面形象，向境外记者传递了一张内含几乎“独家”的维族人针对汉族人的暴力事件的照片的CD。CD片面的把暴力行径和屠杀归咎到维族人。但是一定数量的东突居民，向我的组织说，他们见到成百的维族人被杀，但是官方报道里却不见踪影。这一会儿，核实这些证人几乎不可能，因为东突与外界的交流已经被隔断。但是很多证据显示一些暴行的镜像已经被覆盖了起来。

How can real peace and justice be brought to East Turkestan? This is a difficult question to answer. Real peace cannot be achieved through a lack of transparency; through the 20,000 troops that have been brought in; or through blaming "outside forces", such as myself and the World Uighur Congress, for the turmoil that is now rocking the region. Real peace cannot be achieved through a complete lack of acknowledgment of ethnic discrimination and ethnic disharmony in East Turkestan, such as was exhibited in yesterday's opinion piece by Chinese ambassador Fu Ying. Peace and reconciliation may only begin when China, at the very least, acknowledges the depth and scope of the problems that exist in East Turkestan.
真正的和平和公正怎么才能来到东突？这是一个难以解答的问题。真正的和平的实现，不能通过透明度的缺乏，不能通过20000军队的进驻，不能通过指责“境外势力”—包括我和因为骚乱现在震动着宗教界的世维会；真正的和平不能建立在一个就像昨天中国大使傅莹所发表的意见展示的那样，完全没有承认民族歧视和民族和睦的东土耳其斯坦之上。和解，至少得是中国认识到东突存在的问题的深度和大小的基础上，才能达到的。

The Chinese government must stop fanning the flames of nationalism within the PRC, and using anti-Uighur anger to shore up its own legitimacy. Instead of blaming "outside forces", it must look within its own borders to examine widespread official repression and officially-promoted ethnic stereotypes. Chinese officials must work to provide job opportunities for Uighurs within East Turkestan and mitigate the severe employment imbalance between Uighurs and Han Chinese in the region. They must provide a forum for the most basic forms of dissent and dialogue between Uighurs and the government. There must be fair trials for those accused of perpetrating violence. And they must allow an independent, international investigation into the events of the past week.
中国政府必须停止在中华人民共和国内部煽动民族主义的邪火，和利用反维的愤怒来支撑自己的合理合法性。不要指责“境外势力”，而应该审视一下他们自己境内因为官方压迫和官方促进的民族歧视。中国官员一定要致力于给东突境内的维族人提供工作的机会并缓解本地区内维族和汉族严峻的就业机会之间的不平衡。他们必须在维族人和政府之间建立一个就基本不同意见对话的窗口和论坛。对那些被控参与暴力的人员一定要公平审判。他们还必须允许一个独立的国际组织就上一周的事件进行调查。

It is hard to imagine the eventual growth of a Uighur civil rights movement, as tens of thousands of troops patrol Urumchi, Kashgar and other cities in East Turkestan. Not much hope for optimism can come from the recent arrest of a Uighur economics professor in Beijing, who merely called for more economic opportunities for Uighurs. And as Chinese officials broadcast rhetoric about the need to execute those found guilty of crimes over the past week, I expect that trials of the accused will not meet international standards. I can only hope against all hope, for the peace and prosperity of everyone in East Turkestan, that things will begin to change.
现在很难想象维族民权运动的前景，因为成百上千的军队已经控制了乌鲁木齐，喀什以及其他东突境内的主要城市。从北京一位呼吁给维族人提供更多经济机遇的维族经济学家的被捕可以看出，没有太多的乐观情绪了。从中国官员对暴行参与人员必须严打的宣传修辞，我可以预见审判不会是符合国际标准的。我只能期盼东突的各位和睦安宁，这样事情才会有个转机。


Rebiya Kadeer
guardian.co.uk, Tuesday 14 July 2009 14.00 BST
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